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Home » Authors » Virginia A. Ishler
Virginia A. Ishler

Virginia A. Ishler

Virginia Ishler is a Penn State extension specialist with 27 years of experience in the areas of business and feed management.

Extension Specialist / Penn State University Extension Dairy Team
Email Virginia A. Ishler
Articles

ARTICLES

Manure management

Manure management: Know your phosphorous inputs

September 24, 2019
Tara L. Felix and Virginia A. Ishler
Manure produced from any livestock operation has tremendous fertilizer value. Manure from a beef finishing operation contains all the essential nutrients commonly found in fertilizer: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), or NPK.
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Double cropping with small grains

September 28, 2018
Virginia A. Ishler
Utilizing small grains in the crop rotation has gained in popularity in recent years. This strategy has benefited the environment, animal performance and the profitability of dairy operations. However, any practice has pros and cons. Double cropping that produces feed, versus a cover crop, does come with challenges.
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Feed efficiency’s implications for the environment

August 22, 2014
Virginia A. Ishler
In the previous two articles, feed efficiency (FE) has been defined, and its use as a stand-alone monitoring tool or in conjunction with income over feed costs has been examined. The other opportunity for using FE is evaluating the potential impact on manure volume excretion as well as its nutrients. This could have implications for farms with a limited land base or need to export manure off-farm.
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021518 top resource article

Calculating feed efficiency

June 30, 2014
Virginia A. Ishler
Q. Why is this a top resource article? "Calculating feed efficiency continues to be a metric that producers follow on how well cows are converting feed into milk. When feed efficiency is not where it should be, that is when we evaluate forage quality and the ration to examine what adjustments need to be made. On some profit team meetings, feed efficiency continues to be one of the key performance indicators." —Virginia Ishler The livestock industry has used feed conversion ratio, feed conversion rate or feed conversion efficiency to measure an animal’s efficiency in converting feed mass into increased body mass. This has been used by the beef, poultry, swine and fish industries as a way to measure profitability.
Read More

Using feed efficiency and IOFC to monitor herd performance

April 18, 2014
Virginia A. Ishler
Feed efficiency has gained a lot of attention recently due to the grain market’s volatility. When corn was more than $7 per bushel and soybeans over $12 per bushel, this forced producers and nutritionists to examine ways to improve profit margins.
Read More
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