Prior research and outreach focus has been given to injuries and fatalities that occur in “confined space” manure storages. Such enclosed storage areas may be below animal quarters, or below-ground reception and pump-out pits.

Few people have heard of the Battle of Taranto, which took place at the beginning of WWII before the U.S. entered the conflict.

Conventional wisdom would suggest that shipping hay bales long distances is not practical. Transport and handling costs for bulky forage products make their production close to livestock more rational than exporting it halfway around the world.

Annual clovers (arrowleaf, crimson, ball, berseem, etc.) are cool-season legumes. They improve forage growth distribution and increase forage yield and quality while reducing nitrogen fertilizer need.

Most hay producers are quite familiar with the problems associated with baling moist hay. Normally, these problems include spontaneous heating, increased evidence of mold, loss of dry matter (DM) during storage, poorer nutritive value and (in extreme cases) spontaneous combustion.