Operating motorized equipment is essential for many day-to-day tasks on the farm, but it also presents significant hazards. These risks vary depending on the equipment in use and the specific work environment. Common hazards include the potential for collisions with pedestrians, other equipment or objects, as well as injuries from moving parts. Equipment on the farm may include tractors, skid steers, forklifts and other types of machinery.
Pre-use inspection
Before using any equipment, operators must conduct a thorough inspection. This ensures that there are no issues that could compromise the equipment's functionality or safety. Key components to inspect include:
- Fluid levels and lubrication
- Tire pressure
- Operating controls
- Condition of the equipment
- Functionality of safety devices, lights and alarms
A pre-use inspection checklist can help ensure all necessary components are checked, and documentation of the inspection provides proof it was completed. Equipment manufacturers may provide inspection checklists. If any defects are found, report them to the supervisor immediately and remove the equipment from service until repairs are made. Mark the equipment as "out of service" and remove the key to prevent further use.
Distractions
It’s easy to become distracted or to multitask, especially when operating equipment for extended periods or under time pressure. While multitasking is a part of farm life, it can be dangerous when operating heavy machinery. Avoid distractions like checking your phone or sending a text while working with motorized equipment. Give your full attention to the task at hand, especially when operating heavy machinery.
Safe equipment operation
To ensure the safety of the equipment operator and others in the area, follow these 10 safety precautions:
- Training. All operators must receive proper training specific to the equipment they will be using. This training should include hands-on experience and a competency evaluation before operating the equipment independently.
- Safety decals and instructions. Always read and follow the safety decals and instructions on the equipment. Use the equipment only for its intended purpose.
- Clear visibility. Ensure you have clear visibility of your surroundings at all times. Always look in the direction of travel and use a spotter when necessary.
- Pedestrian and equipment safety. Keep bystanders and other equipment away from the operating area. Never allow pedestrians to walk near active machinery.
- Seatbelt and safety devices. Always wear your seatbelt if the equipment is equipped with one. Never disable or remove safety devices such as guards, automatic shutoffs or alarms.
- Equipment maintenance. Ensure the equipment is in good working condition. Never modify equipment unless modifications have been assessed for safety.
- Drive according to conditions. Adjust your speed based on the load and conditions. Be cautious of slippery or uneven ground, and always keep loads low. Be mindful of the equipment's dimensions and load size.
- Attachments and implements. Use only appropriate attachments or implements for the equipment. Ensure they are securely hitched with both primary and secondary fastening devices.
- Safe entry and exit. Always use three-point contact (one hand and two feet or vice versa) when getting on and off equipment. Ensure that your footwear and the equipment are clear of ice, snow or other slip hazards.
- Shut down procedures. After use, park the equipment on level ground, disengage the PTO (if in use), lower any attachments, apply the parking brake, turn off the engine and remove the keys.
Pedestrian safety
Safety is a shared responsibility between pedestrians and equipment operators. Both must remain vigilant and mindful of one another, whether indoors or outdoors.
Operators must be constantly aware of their surroundings, looking for pedestrians and other hazards. Pedestrians must also be proactive in maintaining safety around operating equipment, as there is always the risk that an operator may not see them or may be momentarily distracted. The following guidelines can help ensure pedestrian safety.
- Look both ways. Before entering any area where equipment may be operating, always look for oncoming machinery.
- Communication. Never cross in front or behind equipment without making eye contact or otherwise communicating with the operator. Even if the equipment is stopped, it could start moving at any time.
- Braking distance. Understand that equipment needs extra space to stop due to its weight and design. Always allow for this space when walking near vehicles or lift trucks.
- Rear-end swing. Be mindful of the rear-end swing of lift trucks and other machinery. When the operator turns, the back end may swing out. Keep a safe distance from the back and sides of the equipment.
- Avoid standing under raised loads. Never stand under any raised part of equipment or load.
- Stay clear of loading zones. Do not stand in areas where materials are being loaded or unloaded, as items could fall or be knocked over.
Pedestrians should also consider factors that affect the operator’s visibility, such as noise levels, lighting and blind spots.
The best way to prevent accidents is by keeping pedestrians away from operating equipment. Pedestrians should stay out of active work areas unless their presence is absolutely necessary. By practicing awareness, communication and adherence to safety guidelines, both equipment operators and pedestrians can contribute to a safer environment on the farm.
