When the first confirmed case of the H5N1 virus was diagnosed in a Texas herd in March 2024, the industry came together to counteract the spreading virus. The FARM Program's biosecurity program area quickly became a leader in the effort, using the latest science and best on-farm practices to help mitigate the bird flu’s spread.

As the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) or bird flu continues to present challenges in dairy herds, the need for practical treatment strategies arises. This article walks through the critical first steps dairies should take when faced with a positive bulk tank test, common clinical signs to watch for, recommended treatment strategies and equipment to manage sick cows effectively.

Bird flu or highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 was a wild card for the dairy industry in 2024, as the first diagnosis in dairy cattle happened in Texas in late March. Progressive Dairy interviewed state veterinarians and animal health officials in the five states with the most cases of bird flu on dairy farms – Texas, Idaho, Michigan, Colorado and California – to learn more about their approach to managing and minimizing the disease.

Most cows experience a drop in blood calcium concentrations at the start of lactation. For many cows, this is an example of normal subclinical hypocalcemia. However, most cows overcome this calcium imbalance quickly by activating calcium regulation pathways in the body. The cows that do not are dyscalcemic and can experience negative outcomes.

Transition cows are prone to inflammation, hypocalcemia and metabolic disorders that can lead to lower chances of getting pregnant and long-term consequences on the health and productivity of the cow – all of which can take away from a dairy producer’s bottom line.