With advanced scientific technologies, we have been able to more specifically identify many of the key nutritional and nonnutrient components of colostrum, as well as their modes of action in the neonatal calf.

Most “vaccine failures” are not due to the vaccine itself but to the animal’s immune system not being ready – often due to poor timing. The immune system’s job isn’t to prevent disease but to maintain health, which requires appropriate management, sound nutrition, low stress, biosecurity and a well-planned vaccine program. 

While vaccines contribute greatly to a cow’s immune system, there are other aspects of the immune system that should not be forgotten. Ensuring that essential elements such as trace minerals are provided, allows for the cow’s entire immune system to be ready to fight off an invasion, not just relying on the special forces.

When the first confirmed case of the H5N1 virus was diagnosed in a Texas herd in March 2024, the industry came together to counteract the spreading virus. The FARM Program's biosecurity program area quickly became a leader in the effort, using the latest science and best on-farm practices to help mitigate the bird flu’s spread.

As the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) or bird flu continues to present challenges in dairy herds, the need for practical treatment strategies arises. This article walks through the critical first steps dairies should take when faced with a positive bulk tank test, common clinical signs to watch for, recommended treatment strategies and equipment to manage sick cows effectively.